Translations are machine generated with limited terminology review. English remains the reference.
Educational model only. Generic adult teaching anatomy. Male surfaces use adapted BodyParts3D references. Female bladder, uterus, vagina, rectum and bones derive from HRA / Visible Human Female references. The female bladder is a fitted approximate envelope; female urethra, floor sheets and sphincter sleeve are schematic. Prostate and penile structures are absent from the female model. This is not a reconstruction of any real patient. Meshes are smoothed and cropped; bladder distension, wall thickness, sphincters, lumen caliber, and neurovascular paths remain approximate.
Flow rate, pressures, and stream shape are schematic. They are not urodynamics. Stream color and width are enhanced for visibility. Bladder contraction, funnelling and descent are exaggerated for visibility. Pelvic floor travel and EUS opening are enlarged for teaching. Dashed floor outlines mark the starting position; blue outlines mark the EUS lumen. The bladder neck funnel is enlarged and its inner walls outlined to show opening. The dashed outline marks the storage shape; inward arrows show wall displacement, not measured emptying. The ordinary pelvic floor descent control is a visual proxy and does not independently change calculated flow. The separate prolapse example couples hypothetical support deformation to outlet narrowing.
Colors do not represent inflammation, ischemia, or cancer. Condition views are hypothetical teaching examples. This model depicts no patient-specific stricture, BPH lobe, or sphincter injury. DSD denotes a neurogenic example; dysfunctional voiding is shown separately in a non-neurogenic context. Different timing and pelvic floor cues are selected illustrations, not disease-specific motion signatures. These motion patterns illustrate examples; diagnosis requires neurologic context and urodynamic assessment. OAB symptoms do not prove detrusor overactivity. Fixed stricture location and length, prolapse-related bending, and impaired closure under cough load are selected hypothetical mechanisms. Prolapse stage is not inferred. Stream shape has no diagnostic meaning.
Not a diagnosis. Not a substitute for uroflow, PVR, cystoscopy, or video urodynamics. No model calculates emptied volume or PVR, including the detrusor-underactivity sequence. Idealized complete effective outlet closure stops modeled outflow; clinical sphincters are not absolute pressure-proof seals.
Model assumptions and clinical references
One state drives the geometry, aperture changes, flow output, particles and direction arrows. The animation settings contain an illustrative flow cap, not measured Qmax. External stream width and length stay fixed for visibility; motion, interruption and presence follow the calculated teaching output. Opposing wall arrows mark active detrusor drive; downward press arrows mark abdominal drive. Both glyph bars use the same arbitrary 0-80 scale. The amber cross-section follows the existing modeled lumen edge. The smallest modeled opening display compares opening fractions, including ties; it does not measure segmental resistance. All outlet factors contribute to the formula. Qualitative capacity = 30 × √(teaching drive / 60) × (effective neck opening fraction)² × (effective EUS opening fraction)² × (prostatic opening fraction)² × (fixed stricture opening fraction)² × (support-deformation opening fraction)². Prostatic opening fraction = 1 - 0.85 × narrowing control / 100, only in the male BPH example. Fixed stricture opening fraction = 1 - 0.85 × stricture control / 100. Support-deformation opening fraction = 1 - 0.8 × prolapse control / 100. Their values do not represent measured lumen caliber or clinical stage. All coefficients and control ranges are arbitrary. No compliance curve, measured opening pressure, urethral fluid volume, mass balance, pressure transmission to the outlet, turbulence calculation, or patient-specific resistance is modeled. Resetting the cycle resets its teaching pose; it does not refill a simulated bladder.
The stress-incontinence example uses a pressure surrogate: cough load can passively enlarge the displayed outlet when closure competence is reduced, while EUS activation remains high and detrusor drive stays zero. A stationary outer muscle envelope displays sustained activation; the inner tissue-coaptation display opens under load. Their separation is approximate and does not imply an extra valve or that active muscle cannot deform. This arbitrary threshold is not a calibrated leak-point pressure or a measurement of urethral pressure transmission. The matched comparison changes only closure competence under an identical cough waveform and shared clock. The displayed seal percentage is the complement of the modeled passive opening, not a measurement of urethral closure pressure. Leak onset marks the display threshold for schematic outflow, not a leak-point pressure. Detrusor underactivity shows reduced and shortened drive with an open outlet; the end of its animation does not mean complete emptying.
In urodynamics, Pves = Pdet + Pabd. The contraction slider represents active drive, not the full measured Pdet. Spraying and interruption are selected illustrations without a modeled lesion. Terminal dribble shows reduced continuing flow; post-micturition residual urethral drainage is not simulated. The isolated urethra view separates segments for orientation and hides flow across those artificial gaps. Gray dashed connectors join the section endpoints as orientation guides, not tissue or urine. These are schematic section gaps, not lumen defects.
BodyParts3D, © The Database Center for Life Science licensed under CC Attribution 4.0 International. Adaptations: welding, subdivision, coordinate conversion, cut surfaces, and schematic distension. Mesh provenance · Official license.
Female source: Kristen Browne and Heidi Schlehlein, NIH Human Reference Atlas / Visible Human Female, via Anatria3D, reference organ set v1.5, CC BY 4.0. Authored female floor and urethral adaptations: CC BY-SA 4.0. Female provenance · Female credits and license.
Cystocele displacement and urethral bending are enlarged for visibility. Dashed supported-position contours use the same detrusor contraction as the solid displaced contours. Both are derived from the existing reference surfaces. This shared deformation does not reconstruct a vaginal wall defect or establish prolapse stage. The urethral lumen and urine path remain continuous.
The PBNO example limits bladder neck opening while the external sphincter follows coordinated relaxation. It adds no scar or prostatic enlargement. The illustrated pressure-flow pattern does not diagnose PBNO; clinical evaluation and video urodynamics are needed to localize obstruction.