# Anatomy and modifications

Anatomy derivatives are distributed under [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Keep these credits and share adapted anatomy under the same license.

- BodyParts3D, Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS), original model credited under CC BY-SA 2.1 Japan. [Original project](https://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/).
- Z-Anatomy, the libre 3D atlas of anatomy. Gauthier Kervyn and contributors; derived from BodyParts3D. [Source](https://github.com/Z-Anatomy/Models-of-human-anatomy).
- Anatria3D male glTF export by Nurkan1. The anatomical assets are CC BY-SA 4.0, separate from the application's Apache license. [Asset source](https://github.com/Nurkan1/Anatria-3D/tree/main/public/anatomy). The upstream anatomy notice is included in `public/anatomy/UPSTREAM-NOTICE.txt`.
- Open3DAnatomy: Pelvic Floor and Perineum, English labels. Marco C. DeRuiter, Eungyeol Lee, Daniël Jansma and O. Paul Gobée, Leiden University Medical Center. Predecessors: BodyParts3D and Z-Anatomy. [Source and attribution](https://anatomytool.org/content/open3danatomy-3d-model-pelvic-floor-and-perineum-english-labels). [Original GLB](https://caskanatomy.info/open3dviewer/3dmodels/pelvicfloor/pelvicfloor.glb).

The application selects pelvic surfaces, decodes Draco-compressed geometry, smooths vertex normals, converts meters to centimeters and preserves source alignment. Selected unilateral Leiden perineal structures are reflected across the midline to illustrate their contralateral partners. Skin regions and the anterior rectal wall are illustrative subdivisions. Peritoneal donor flaps, fascial surfaces, nerve envelopes, the external urethral sphincter envelope, internal urinary markings and reconstructed lining are authored illustrations. The reconstructed labial forms reposition source skin. The operative retraction is an explanatory deformation, not a physical tissue model. Exact bundled asset hashes and adaptations are recorded in `public/anatomy/provenance.json`.

# Technique

Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R and colleagues: combined penile inversion vulvoplasty and robotically assisted pelvic peritoneal flap vaginoplasty (modified Davydov).

- Jacoby et al. J Urol 2019. [PMID 30707129](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30707129/).
- Jun et al. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021. [Open technique](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10538597/).
- Blasdel et al. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023. [Hypoplasia case-control, PMID 36729740](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36729740/).
- Blasdel et al. Ann Surg, online 2025, print 2026. [500 cases, PMID 39781707](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39781707/).
- Dhami et al. Urology 2026, OHSU. [Histology, DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2025.08.056](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2025.08.056). This is separate from the NYU series.

The hypoplasia study uses genital length below 7 cm; it does not validate a sum of usable penile and scrotal skin lengths. The app's stock comparison is illustrative. The 500-case dimensions are patient-reported dilation measures at one year, not individual guarantees. The histology sample comprises five selected patients; it does not prove universal complete conversion or reliably sustained lubrication.

# Visual reference

[Anatomy, unfolded. by Brian Pridgen](https://anatomy-unfolded.brianp.chatgpt.site/). Layout and interaction reference. This app uses its own implementation and the serif title requested by Lee.